鍋峰緱娴�鐢熷崐鏃ラ枒锛屽湪鍋囨湡鎷滆畝浜嗛樋鐖句集鐗�·鍝堜集寰风殑鍚嶄綔銆婃妸淇￠�佺郸鍔犺タ浜炪��銆備綔鍝佺殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰苟涓嶅京(f霉)闆�锛岀湅瀹屽悗鍗讳护鎴戜箙涔呬笉鑳藉钩闈�銆傛浉(sh奴)涓�鎵�鍌抽仦鍑虹殑鎬濇兂鑸囩簿绁烇紝濡傛稉娑撶窗(x矛)娴佽埇绶╃珐娣屽叆鎴戠殑蹇冮潏銆傚張浜庡収(n猫i)蹇冩繁铏曟縺璧峰挤(qi谩ng)鐑堝叡槌�锛屼箙涔呬笉鑳藉钩寰�(f霉)銆�

        鍦ㄣ�婃妸淇￠�佺郸鍔犺タ浜炪�嬮�欐湰鏇�(sh奴)涓�锛屼綔鑰呬互骞冲��(sh铆)鐨勮獮(y菙)瑷�璎涜堪浜嗕竴浠堕潪鍑＄殑浜嬫儏锛氭晠浜嬬櫦(f膩)鐢熶簬1898骞�锛岀暥(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)缇庡湅(gu贸)鑸囪タ鐝�鐗欑偤鐖�(zh膿ng)濂�鍙ゅ反鑰岀垎鐧�(f膩)浜嗙編瑗挎埌(zh脿n)鐖�(zh膿ng)銆傜編鍦�(gu贸)绺界当(t菕ng)蹇呴爤绔嬪嵆鑸囧彜宸村弽鎶楃祫绻旂殑闋�(l菒ng)琚栧姞瑗夸簽鍙栧緱鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆傜劧鑰岀暥(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)鐨勫姞瑗夸簽闅辫棌鍦ㄥ彜宸磋捈鑼�鐒�(w煤)鍨犵殑娣卞北閲岋紝娌�(m茅i)鏈変汉鐭ラ亾浠栧埌搴曞湪鍝�銆傚�傛�よ壉宸ㄧ殑浠诲嫏(w霉)锛屼竴鏅�(sh铆)闁撶劇(w煤)浜烘暍鎺�锛屽彧鏈夌緟鏂囧媷鏁㈠湴绔欎簡鍑轰締(l谩i)锛屼粬鎶婁俊閫佸埌鍔犺タ浜炲皣杌嶆墜涓�銆傚湪鎺ュ埌閫欏��(g猫)浠诲嫏(w霉)鏅�(sh铆)锛岀緟鏂囩敋鑷抽�ｅ晱(w猫n)閮芥矑(m茅i)鍟�(w猫n)銆備粬鍙�绠＄洝鍏ㄥ姏鍩�(zh铆)琛�锛屾渶鍚庡緱鍎熸墍鎰裤��

        鐪嬩技绨�(ji菐n)鍠�涓旀櫘閫氱殑鏁呬簨锛屽嵒娼涜棌钁椾笉涓�妯ｇ殑閬撶悊銆傚湪鏇�(sh奴)涓�锛屾垜棣栧厛璁�鍑虹殑鏄�蹇犺��(ch茅ng)銆傚繝瑾�(ch茅ng)鏄�涓�绋�浜虹敓鎱�(t脿i)搴�锛屾槸姣忓��(g猫)浜哄繀鍌欑殑璨�(z茅)浠绘劅銆傜緟鏂囪兘灏囦俊闋嗗埄閫侀仈(d谩)锛岄洟涓嶉枊(k膩i)浠栫殑蹇犺獱(ch茅ng)銆傜敓娲讳腑闇�瑕佸繝瑾�(ch茅ng)锛屽伐浣滀腑鍚屾ǎ闇�瑕�銆傜暥(d膩ng)浠ｉ潚骞村枩姝￠牷绻佽烦妲�锛岃獚(r猫n)鐐哄共寰椾笉楂樿垐浜嗗氨鐩存帴璺虫Ы浜嗕簨銆傞�欏叾瀵�(sh铆)鏄�鍦ㄦ姌鎼嶈嚜宸辩殑蹇犺��(ch茅ng)搴�锛岃畵鑷�宸�?ji菐n)閫傂�?j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鍔�銆傚瓟瀛愭洶锛�“淇″墖浜轰换鐒�銆�”鐣�(d膩ng)浠婄ぞ鏈�(hu矛)锛屽繝瑾�(ch茅ng)浜屽瓧璁婂緱瓒婁締(l谩i)瓒婄弽璨�銆傚�傛灉涓�鍊�(g猫)浜烘矑(m茅i)鏈夎獚(r猫n)鐪熷皪(du矛)鑷�宸辩殑浜虹敓鑱锋��(y猫)浣滃嚭鍚堢悊瑕�(gu墨)鍔�锛岃�屾槸缍�(j墨ng)甯哥洸鐩�璺虫��銆傞�欎笉鍍呮槸灏�(du矛)宸ヤ綔鍜岀敓娲荤殑閫冮伩锛屼篃鏄�灏�(du矛)鑷�宸卞拰绀炬��(hu矛)涓嶈矤(f霉)璨�(z茅)浠荤殑琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)銆傚嚒浜嬭瑎瀹氳�屽悗鍕�(d貌ng)锛岃惉(w脿n)涓嶅彲娌栧嫊(d貌ng)鑰岀偤涔�銆傚敮鏈夊繝瑾�(ch茅ng)灏�(du矛)寰呰嚜宸辩殑宸ヤ綔锛屾柟鑳芥敹鐛茬崹(d煤)鐗圭殑骞哥�忔劅銆�

        鍦ㄦ浉(sh奴)涓�鎴戦倓璁�鍑轰簡鐔卞勘鑸囧嫟濂�銆傚伐浣滀箣涓�锛屼笉鍍呴渶瑕佷竴浠界啽蹇�锛屾洿闇�瑕佹寔涔嬩互鎭掔殑鍕ゅギ銆傜緟鏂囬潰灏�(du矛)鑷�宸辨墍鎺ュ彈鐨勪换鍕�(w霉)锛屾矑(m茅i)鏈変换浣曟姳鎬�锛岃�屾槸鐩″叏鍔涜�岀偤涔嬨�傚�傛灉浠栧彧鏄�灏囦笂绱�(j铆)鍒嗛厤鐨勪换鍕�(w霉)鐣�(d膩ng)鎴愪竴鍊�(g猫)绱�璐�锛屾寜閮ㄥ氨鐝�瀹屾垚姝ら��(xi脿ng)浜嬫儏锛岄偅涔堢緟鏂囨渶鍚庤偗瀹氱劇(w煤)娉曟壘鍒板姞瑗夸簽锛岀劇(w煤)娉曞皣淇￠�侀仈(d谩)銆傚緸閫欐湰鏇�(sh奴)涓�锛屾垜鐪嬪埌浜嗗皪(du矛)宸ヤ綔鐨勭啽蹇卞拰鍕ゅギ鐨勫奖瀛�銆傚湪鐣�(d膩ng)浠ｄ汉鐪奸噷锛屽緢澶氭檪(sh铆)鍊欓珮椤嶈柂姘存垚浜嗚　閲忓伐浣滃ソ澹炵殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆備笂鐝�涓嶉��(gu貌)鏄�鐐轰簡鐛插緱閲戦��(qi谩n)锛岃�岄潪鍑鸿嚜鍏�(n猫i)蹇冪殑鐔辨剾(脿i)鑸囬渶姹�锛屼笉涔忔湁浜烘噳(y墨ng)浠樹簡浜嬶紝鏇村垾鎻愪互鍕ゅギ鐨勬厠(t脿i)搴︽噳(y墨ng)灏�(du矛)宸ヤ綔銆傚叾瀵�(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)浜庢瘡鍊�(g猫)浜鸿�岃█锛岄噾閷�(qi谩n)鏄�娆¤�佺殑锛屾垜鍊戣�佸皥娉ㄤ簬鍏�(n猫i)蹇冦�備互鐔卞勘鍜屽嫟濂�鍘绘��(y墨ng)灏�(du矛)宸ヤ綔銆傚洜?y脿n)?锛屼竴鍊�(g猫)浜烘兂瑕佺櫥涓婃垚鍔熺殑宸斿嘲锛屽氨闇�瑕佷繚鎸佺啽蹇卞拰鍕ゅギ銆傜暥(d膩ng)浣犵湡蹇冪啽鎰�(脿i)鑷�宸辨墍寰炰簨鐨勫伐浣滄檪(sh铆)锛屾墍鐛插緱鐨勬敹鐩婇潪绨�(ji菐n)鍠�鐨勯垟绁ㄥ彲姣旀��銆�

        閫欐湰鏇�(sh奴)閭勬湁瑷卞�氱殑绮鹃珦鍊煎緱鎴戝�戠窗(x矛)绱�(x矛)鍝佽畝锛屽�堜綍瑷�涓嶇洝鎰忎笉鑳戒竴涓�鐐轰箣銆傜劧鑰�锛屾垜鐩镐俊绉夋寔涓�椤嗗繝瑾�(ch茅ng)涔嬪績锛屽仛鍒扮啽蹇辫垏鍕ゅギ锛屽湪宸ヤ綔涓�涓嶆柗鐧�(f膩)鎻�閫佷俊浜虹殑绮剧��锛屾垜鍊戝畾鑳芥垚鐐烘柊鏅�(sh铆)浠ｄ竴鍚嶅劒(y艒u)绉�鐨�“閫佷俊浜�”銆�