鍛傛皬·鏄ョ�嬨�嬩腑鏈夐�欐ǎ涓�鍙ヨ┍锛�“澶╁湴鍚堝拰锛岀敓涔嬪ぇ缍�(j墨ng)”銆傞�欏彞瑭遍亾鍑轰簡鑷�鐒剁晫鍜岃�у钩琛＄殑瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶紝鑰屽湪閫欏钩琛¤��(gu墨)寰嬬殑鍏╅牠锛屽�﹀墖鏄�“蹇�”鑸�“鎱�”锛�“蹇�”鑸�“鎱�”缍�鎸佽憲涓�鍊嬪钩琛￠棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屼笘闁撹惉鐗�锛屼笉璜栨槸澶╅珨閬嬭�岄倓鏄�绱�(x矛)鑳炲垎瑁�锛岄兘铏曚簬蹇�鎱㈠钩琛′箣涓�銆�

        “蹇�”鏄�涓�绋�姗�(j墨)閬�锛屾槸涓�绋�鍕曞��銆傜暥(d膩ng)浠婃檪浠�锛岀�戞妧椋涢�熺櫦(f膩)灞曪紝绀炬渻蹇�閫熼��(j矛n)姝�锛岃�屾垜鍊戜究韬�铏曢�欐ǎ涓�鍊嬫眰蹇�鐨勬檪浠ｃ�傚湪鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓�锛屽煄甯傚寲鐨勮叧姝ヨ秺渚嗚秺蹇�锛屽ぇ閲忕殑浜虹兢寰為��(xi膩ng)閹�(zh猫n)閬风Щ鍒板ぇ鍩庡競涓�锛屽畾灞呭湪澶у煄甯傦紝閯�(xi膩ng)鏉戜汉鍙ｄ笉鏂锋笡灏�锛屽畾灞呬簬澶у煄甯傜殑浜虹兢锛屾暣澶╄檿浜庡繖纰屼箣涓�锛屾棭涓婅捣渚嗘摖鍦伴惖涓婄彮锛屾櫄涓婃嫋钁楃柌鎲婄殑韬�楂斾笅鐝�锛屼竴鏁村ぉ閮借檿浜庝竴绋�蹇�绡�(ji茅)濂忎箣涓�銆傚洜鐐哄�栧湪澶х��(hu谩n)澧冪殑澹撳姏锛屽ぇ瀹舵瘡鏃ュ揩棣�鍔犻灜鍔�鍔涘伐浣滐紝鐢ㄨ嚜宸辫緵鍕ょ殑姹楁按鎺ㄥ嫊绀炬渻蹇�閫熼��(j矛n)姝�锛岄�欐檪“蹇�”渚挎槸涓�绋�鍕曞��銆傚湪浜ら�氱櫦(f膩)闈�锛屾垜鍊戜篃鏄�瓒婁締瓒婂��锛�1804骞寸伀杌婅��鐧�(f膩)鏄庡嚭渚�锛�1886骞寸��涓�杓涙苯杌婂晱涓�锛�1903骞寸��涓�鏋堕�涙��(j墨)琚�鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犲嚭渚嗐�傜洿鍒颁粖澶�锛岃秺渚嗚秺澶氱殑浜ら�氬伐鍏峰湪涓嶆柗鍟忎笘锛屽洖棣栫窗(x矛)鎯�锛岄�欎簺浜ら�氬伐鍏疯��鐧�(f膩)鏄庣殑鍒濊》锛屽湪寰堝ぇ绋嬪害涓婇兘鏄�鎴戝�戝湪杩芥眰鏇村揩鐨勯�熷害锛屽揩璧蜂締锛屾垜鍊戞渻鏈夋洿澶氱殑鏅傞枔鍘诲共鏇村�氫簨鎯�锛屼篃鏈冩搧鏈夋洿澶氱殑姗�(j墨)閬�銆�

        “鎱�”鏄�涓�绋�娌夋穩锛屾槸涓�绋�鏅烘収銆備竴浜涙柟闈�锛屾垜鍊戣拷姹傚揩锛岃拷姹傛洿蹇�锛屼絾鏄�鍦ㄥ緢澶氭柟闈�锛屾垜鍊戣拷姹傜殑涓嶅啀鏄�蹇�锛岃�屾槸鎱�銆傚伐浣滀腑锛岀穵寮电殑绔剁埈澹撳姏锛岃畵鎴戝�戞檪鍒荤穵绻�锛岀敓娲讳腑锛岄�嗗崌鐨勬埧鍍�锛屽悓妯ｈ畵鎴戝�戞檪鍒昏檿浜庣穵绻�锛屼絾鏄�锛屼汉鏄�涓�鍊嬮��娲荤殑鍊嬮珨锛屽苟涓嶆槸涓�鑷烘案涓嶇煡鐤叉唺鐨勬��(j墨)鍣�锛屽緢澶氭檪鍊�锛屼汉闇�瑕佹參涓嬩締锛岃畵鑷�宸辨斁鏉句笅渚�锛岃畵閭ｄ竴鏍圭穵绻冪殑绁炵稉(j墨ng)寰楀埌鏀炬澗锛屽彧鏈夌湡姝ｇ殑鎱�涓嬩��锛屾垜鍊戞墠鑳藉�犵湡鍒囧湴鍘绘劅鐭ラ�欑敓娲荤殑閰哥敎鑻﹁荆锛屾湁瓒冲�犵殑鏅傞枔鍘讳紤椁�(y菐ng)鐢熸伅锛岄珨鏈冨埌瀹跺涵鐨勬韩鏆�锛屼娇寰楄嚜宸变笉鏂峰幓娌夋穩銆備織瑭辫��锛�“鎱㈠伐鍑虹窗(x矛)娲汇��”鐨勭⒑锛屽湪寰堝�氭檪鍊欙紝鎴戝�戝線寰�娆查�熷墖涓嶉仈(d谩)锛岃秺鏄�钁楁�ワ紝瓒婃槸鐒℃硶鎴愬姛锛屼絾鐣�(d膩ng)鎴戝�戞矇涓嬪績渚�锛屾參鎱㈠幓鍋�锛屽弽鑰屽�规槗閬�(d谩)鍒版垜鍊戦爯(y霉)鎯崇殑绲�(ji茅)鏋溿��

        寰炲彜鑷充粖锛屽湅浜轰究娣卞彈涓�搴告�濇兂鐨勫奖闊匡紝鑰屼腑搴告�濇兂涓�鐨勫ぉ浜哄悎涓�銆佷腑姝ｅ钩鍜岋紝瀵﹀墖涔熸槸楂旂従(xi脿n)浜嗗揩鎱㈠钩琛＄悊蹇�锛岀敓娲诲伐浣滀箣涓�锛岀敤蹇冩妸鎻″揩鎱㈠钩琛★紝涓�鍒囬兘鏈冭畩寰楁洿鍔犵編濂�銆�